Abstract This essay considers the emerging transnational governance frameworks for AI that are being developed under the auspices of a handful of powerful regulatory blocs, namely the United States, the European Union, and China, which are best positioned to influence emerging global standards. It argues that these represent a relatively homogenous set of global interests, and that while...
Voices In, Voices Out: Impacted Stakeholders and the Governance of AI
Abstract This Essay addresses reasons for impacted stakeholder involvement in AI governance, ranging from democratic accountability norms to principles of regulatory design. It evaluates several recent examples of both soft and hard law, noting a range of examples of impacted stakeholder participation. It closes with a critique: none of these laws adequately contemplates how to craft transparency...
The Pitfalls of the European Union’s Risk-Based Approach to Digital Rulemaking
Abstract The European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Act takes a so-called risk-based approach to regulating artificial intelligence. In addition to being celebrated by industry, this risk-based approach is likely to spread due to the ‘Brussels Effect’ whereby EU legislation is taken as a model in other jurisdictions around the world. This article investigates how the AI Act’s risk-based...
Addressing the Challenge of Protecting Fundamental Rights Through AI Regulation in the European Union
Abstract In the face of current technological developments and the uptake in use of opaque algorithmic systems, democracy requires to strengthen the rule of law wherever public or private actors use algorithmic systems. The law must set out the requirements on AI systems’ creation, documentation and use that are necessary in a democratic society and organize appropriate accountability and...
Introduction: Generating Governance - An Essay Series on Strategies and Challenges in AI Regulation
In this essay series, the authors explore different aspects of emerging AI governance regimes. Though about quite different topics, the essays have many common threads. Several of the essays demonstrate that many of the difficulties with AI governance are less challenges of AI than challenges of governance generally—navigating power struggles and competing interests, getting buy-in, and avoiding...
Standing on Our Own Two Feet: Disability Justice as a Frame for Reimagining Our Ableist Immigration System
Abstract Ableism forms the scaffolding of our immigration laws, policies, and practices, but the operation of this pervasive form of exclusion has been grossly unacknowledged and understudied until now. In 1882, Congress first codified the exclusion of defective bodies by declaring that, “any lunatic, idiot, or any person unable to take care of himself or herself without becoming a public...
Punishing Gender
Abstract As jurisdictions across the country grapple with the urgent need to redress the impact of mass incarceration, there has been renewed interest in reforms that reduce the harms punishment inflicts on women. These "gender-responsive" reforms aim to adapt traditional punishment practices that, proponents claim, were designed "for men." The push to change how we punish based on gender...
“Loathsome and Dangerous”: Time to Remove Syphilis and Gonorrhea as Grounds for Inadmissibility
Abstract In this Comment, I examine the ways the United States has managed its borders and population through health-based exclusions that often serve as a proxy for race-based exclusions. I look specifically at how two sexually-transmitted infections (STIs)—syphilis and gonorrhea—became and remain grounds for inadmissibility. Since 1891, certain noncitizens entering the U.S. must be screened for...